Λάθη που κάνουμε συχνά:

• I drank red wine all my life. (δύσκολη επιλογή, αν έχετε απορίες, στείλτε email)
• I never visited the United States of America. (το ίδιο κι εδώ)
• I’m playing computer games on my new laptop for two hours.
• I drive a red Ford since 1999.  
• We play tennis for a long time.

Πως πρέπει να είναι:

• I have drunk red wine all my life. (have been drinking αν πίνουμε ακόμα)
• I have never visited the United States of America.
• I have been playing computer games on my new laptop for two hours.
• I have driven a red Ford since 1999. (have been driving  αν οδηγούμε ακόμα)
• We have played tennis for a long time. (have been playing αν παίζουμε ακόμα)

Present Perfect Simple – Παρακείμενος απλός

Περιγράφουμε πράξεις:
Που έγιναν (χωρίς αναφορά στο πότε γιατί δεν είναι σημαντικό)

• I have been to Paris. Έχω πάει ή ήμουν εκεί (κάποτε).  (Δε διευκρινίζω πότε πήγα ή ήμουν στο Παρίσι — αν διευκρίνιζα θα έπρεπε να χρησιμοποιήσω Past Simple δηλαδή πχ. I went to Paris in 2001. 

Πράξεις που μόλις έγιναν (κι έχουν σχέση με το παρόν)

• I have just cut my finger. It hurts.
• Peter has just finished writing. He needs a break.

The Perfect Present

Πράξεις που ήδη έχουμε κάνει

• I have already done my homework.
• Mary has read twenty pages so far.

Συχνά, όμως, δε γνωρίζουμε αν μια πράξη

• έχει τελειώσει
• τελείωσε πολύ πρόσφατα
• συνεχίζεται ακόμη.

Παράδειγμα 1:

• Mary has worked as a nurse for nine years.

Παράδειγμα 2:

• The Morgan family has had a lovely holiday. (πήγαν διακοπές και γύρισαν ή είναι στο τέλος)

Πράξεις που επαναλήφθηκαν μέχρι τώρα:

• Mary, my secretary, has answered fifteen calls so far…and it’s only 9.30 in the morning!
• Mitroglou has been scoring a lot this season (15 goals so far). He is a natural scorer!.
• But Rafik Djebbour has scored the most goals so far…20 goals all together!

Time Expressions:

How long: ( χρονική διάρκεια) How long have you played football?

For: (χρονική διάρκεια ) She has played the piano for two hours.

Since: (Xρονική στιγμή στο παρελθόν) Tom has drawn pictures since 9.00 o’clock.

Have been / have gone:

• Mary has gone to work. (Δεν έχει γυρίσει ακόμα)
• Mary has been to work. (Έχει γυρίσει)
• Αγγλικός Παρακείμενος: I have played chess for one hour.
• Ελληνικός Ενεστώτας: Παίζω σκάκι επί μία ώρα.

Key Words:

• for
• just
• already
• how much
• how many
• since
• up to now
• yet

Exercise

1.Mary  ____ has played ____ (play) tennis for two hours.

2. I ___ haven’t seen ____ ( not see) my grandmother since last Easter.

3. __ Have _____ you  _____ been _____ (be) to America?

4. The children _____ haven’t been ______ (not be) on a trip for a long time.

5. Tom ____ has not visited _____(not visit) Salonica before.

6. Mum ____ has come _______ (come) back from the local supermarket.

7. Dad _____ has been _____ (be) a civil servant for fifteen years.

8. ___ Have ___________  you ever ______ tried _____ (try) snails?

9. The teacher _____ has _______ already _____  corrected _______ (correct) our essays.

10. Bob  ____ has _____ never _____  seen ______________ (see) the ocean before.